How Many GPUs Are Enough? 

As AI adoption accelerates across industries, the question of infrastructure becomes more critical. Specifically, how many GPUs are enough to support large-scale AI operations? Let’s explore this through the exciting developments at Together AI and the impressive NVIDIA Blackwell GB200 superchip.

🚀 Together AI: Building a 36,000-GPU Cluster

Together AI is on track to revolutionize the AI landscape by constructing one of the largest GPU clusters ever:

• 36,000 NVIDIA GB200 NVL72 GPUs: Tailored for AI training, fine-tuning, and inference.
• Immediate access to thousands of H100 and H200 GPUs across North America.
• Advanced technologies like Blackwell Tensor Cores, Grace CPUs, NVLink, and Infiniband for unparalleled performance.

This project isn't just about size. It’s about efficiency and cost-effectiveness. With the Together Kernel Collection, custom optimizations yield:
✅ 24% faster training operations.
✅ 75% boost in FP8 inference tasks.

For businesses, this means reduced GPU hours and operational costs—helping organizations train models faster and cheaper than ever before【1】.

🎯 NVIDIA Blackwell GB200 Superchip: Power Meets Price

NVIDIA’s Blackwell GB200 superchip is another leap forward, with performance designed for the most demanding AI workloads. However, this powerhouse comes at a price—$70,000 per unit【2】.

The GB200 boasts:

• Cutting-edge Blackwell Tensor Cores.
• NVLink for seamless multi-GPU connectivity.
• Industry-leading power efficiency, perfect for extensive AI operations.

💡 What This Means for You

For AI developers and organizations, these advancements raise an important question:

• Is it better to invest in a large GPU cluster or fewer, high-performance chips like the GB200?
• What trade-offs exist between scalability and upfront costs?

This conversation often comes up on my YouTube channel, Murat Karakaya Akademi, where I recently discussed optimizing infrastructure for AI workloads. Many viewers have asked how to strike the right balance between cost and performance, especially as the demand for efficient AI systems grows.

📌 (https://www.youtube.com/@MuratKarakayaAkademi)

Key Takeaways

🔍 Scalability matters: Together AI’s cluster demonstrates the importance of scaling for AI innovation.
💸 Cost efficiency: Custom kernel optimizations can dramatically reduce operational costs.
⚡ Hardware matters: High-performance chips like the GB200 may justify their cost for specific applications.

What do you think? Is bigger always better when it comes to GPU clusters? Or is there a smarter way to scale?

References:

1. Together AI - https://together.ai
2. NVIDIA Blackwell GB200 Superchip - https://www.techpowerup.com/322498/nvidia-blackwell-gb200-superchip-to-cost-up-to-70-000-us-dollars

The Evolution of Token Pricing: A Cost Breakdown for Popular Models:

As the competition among language models heats up, the costs of generating text continue to drop significantly. This post will explore the current expenses of three of the most cost-effective LLMs: GPT-4o Mini, Gemini 1.5 Flash, and Claude 3 Haiku, each offering a unique mix of capabilities and pricing structures. We’ll also calculate how much it would cost to run a chat with 1000 message exchanges using these models.

🚀 This question frequently comes up on my YouTube channel, Murat Karakaya Akademi (https://www.youtube.com/@MuratKarakayaAkademi), where I recently discussed the evolution of token pricing and how it impacts the implementation of AI-driven systems. A viewer recently commented on one of my tutorials, asking how much it would cost to run a chatbot at scale, and it was a great opportunity to explore the numbers in more detail here.

📊 Models and Their Pricing as of October 2024:

🧮 GPT-4o Mini

Input Token Cost: $0.150 / 1M tokens

Output Token Cost: $0.600 / 1M tokens

Context Size: 128K tokens

Notes: Smarter and cheaper than GPT-3.5 Turbo, with added vision capabilities.

🧮 Gemini 1.5 Flash

Input Token Cost: $0.075 / 1M tokens

Output Token Cost: $0.300 / 1M tokens

Context Size: 128K tokens

Notes: Google’s fastest multimodal model, optimized for diverse and repetitive tasks.

🧮 Claude 3 Haiku

Input Token Cost: $0.25 / 1M tokens

Output Token Cost: $1.25 / 1M tokens

Context Size: 200K tokens

Notes: Known for its efficiency, especially with large context windows, making it ideal for longer chats or document generation.

🧮 Cost Calculation for 1,000 Chat Exchanges: Now, let’s assume a scenario where a chat consists of 1,000 exchanges, with the following setup:

📊 Input Size per Exchange: 1,000 tokens

📊 Output Size per Exchange: 750 tokens

📊 Each new input includes all previous inputs and outputs, so the token count grows progressively.

This results in a total of:

🚀 875,125,000 input tokens

🚀 750,000 output tokens

📊Let’s break down the costs for each model based on this usage:

🧮 GPT-4o Mini

Input Token Cost: $131.27

Output Token Cost: $0.45

Total Cost: $131.72

🧮 Gemini 1.5 Flash

Input Token Cost: $65.63

Output Token Cost: $0.23

Total Cost: $65.86

🧮 Claude 3 Haiku

Input Token Cost: $218.78

Output Token Cost: $0.94

Total Cost: $219.72

🚀 Why It Matters

The declining costs of LLM token generation mean that you can now run more complex, token-heavy tasks like chatbot conversations, document analysis, and content generation more affordably than ever before. As demonstrated in the above scenario, using a model like Gemini 1.5 Flash allows for more cost-efficient usage, making it an attractive option for developers who need to run large-scale chat applications with high token throughput.

🧠 Learn More: If you’re interested in learning more about implementing cost-efficient AI solutions, check out my latest video on this topic over at Murat Karakaya Akademi.

 Competition in Cheap and Fast LLM Token Generation 

🚀 The field of large language model (LLM) token generation is rapidly advancing, with several companies competing to offer the fastest, most affordable, and efficient solutions. In this post, we'll explore the innovations from Groq, SambaNova, Cerebras, and Together.ai, highlighting their unique approaches and technologies. This will give you a comprehensive view of the current landscape and how these companies are shaping the future of AI inference.

1. Groq: Speed and Efficiency Redefined ⚡

Groq is revolutionizing AI inference with its LPU™ AI technology. The LPU is designed to deliver exceptional speed and efficiency, making it a leading choice for fast and affordable AI solutions. Here's what sets Groq apart:

• Speed: Groq’s LPUs provide high throughput and low latency, ideal for applications that demand rapid processing.
• Affordability: By eliminating the need for external switches, Groq reduces CAPEX for on-prem deployments, offering a cost-effective solution.
• Energy Efficiency: Groq’s architecture is up to 10X more energy efficient compared to traditional systems, which is crucial as energy costs rise.

Discover more about Groq’s offerings at Groq.

2. SambaNova: Enterprise-Grade AI at Scale 🏢

SambaNova’s fourth-generation SN40L chip is making waves with its dataflow architecture, designed for handling large models and complex workflows. Key features include:

• Performance: The SN40L chip delivers world record performance with Llama 3.1 405b, utilizing a three-tier memory architecture to manage extensive models efficiently.
• Dataflow Architecture: This architecture optimizes communication between computations, resulting in higher throughput and lower latency.
• Ease of Use: SambaNova’s software stack simplifies the deployment and management of AI models, providing a comprehensive solution for enterprises.

Learn more about SambaNova’s technology at SambaNova.

3. Cerebras: The Fastest Inference Platform ⏱️

Cerebras is known for its Wafer-Scale architecture and weight streaming technology, offering some of the fastest inference speeds available. Highlights include:

• Inference Speed: Cerebras claims their platform is 20X faster than GPUs, providing a significant boost in performance.
• Context Length: Their technology supports a native context length of 50K tokens, which is essential for analyzing extensive documents.
• Training Efficiency: With support for dynamic sparsity, Cerebras models can be trained up to 8X faster than traditional methods.

Explore Cerebras’ capabilities at Cerebras.

4. Together.ai: Cost-Effective and Scalable Inference 💸

Together.ai stands out with its cost-efficient inference solutions and scalable architecture. Key points include:

• Cost Efficiency: Their platform is up to 11X cheaper than GPT-4o when using models like Llama-3, offering significant savings.
• Scalability: Together.ai automatically scales capacity to meet demand, ensuring reliable performance as applications grow.
• Serverless Endpoints: They offer access to over 100 models through serverless endpoints, including high-performance embeddings models.

Find out more about Together.ai at Together.ai.

Integrating Insights with Murat Karakaya Akademi 🎥

The advancements by Groq, SambaNova, Cerebras, and Together.ai highlight the rapid evolution in AI inference technologies. On my YouTube channel, "Murat Karakaya Akademi," I frequently discuss such innovations and their impact on the AI landscape. Recently, viewers have been curious about how these technologies compare and what they mean for future AI applications.

For in-depth discussions and updates on the latest in AI, visit Murat Karakaya Akademi. Don't forget to subscribe for the latest insights and analysis!

Sources 📚

[1] Groq: https://groq.com/
[2] SambaNova: https://sambanova.ai/
[3] Cerebras: https://cerebras.ai/
[4] Together.ai: https://www.together.ai/

 🚀 LLM API Rate Limits & Robust Applications Development 🚀

When building robust applications with Large Language Models (LLMs), one of the key challenges is managing API rate limits. These limits, like requests per minute (RPM) and tokens per minute (TPM), are crucial for ensuring fair use but can become a bottleneck if not handled properly.

💡 For instance, the Gemini API has specific rate limits depending on the model you choose. For the gemini-1.5-pro, the free tier allows only 2 RPM and 32,000 TPM, while the pay-as-you-go option significantly increases these limits to 360 RPM and 4 million TPM. You can see the full breakdown here [1].

The LLM providers, like OpenAI and Google, impose these limits to prevent abuse and ensure efficient use of their resources. For example, OpenAI's guidance on handling rate limits includes tips on waiting until your limit resets, sending fewer tokens, or implementing exponential backoff [2]. However, this doesn’t mean you’re left in the lurch. For instance, Google’s Gemini API offers a form to request a rate limit increase if your project requires it [3].

🔍 Handling Rate Limits Effectively:

• 💡 Automatic Retries: When your requests fail due to transient errors, implementing automatic retries can help keep your application running smoothly.
• 💡 Manual Backoff and Retry: For more control, consider a manual approach to managing retries and backoff times. Check out how this can be done with Gemini API [4].

At Murat Karakaya Akademi (https://lnkd.in/dEHBv_S3), I often receive questions about these challenges. Developers are curious about how to effectively manage rate limits and ensure their applications are resilient. In one of my recent tutorials, I discussed these very issues and provided strategies to overcome them.

💡 Interested in learning more? Visit my YouTube channel, subscribe, and join the conversation! 📺

---

#APIRateLimits #LLM #GeminiAPI #OpenAI #MuratKarakayaAkademi

[1] Full API rate limit details for Gemini-1.5-pro: https://lnkd.in/dQgXGQcm
[2] OpenAI's RateLimitError and handling tips: https://lnkd.in/dx56CE9z
[3] Request a rate limit increase for Gemini API: https://lnkd.in/dn3A389g
[4] Error handling strategies in LLM APIs: https://lnkd.in/dt7mxW46

🚀 What is an LLM Inference Engine?

I've recently received questions about LLM inference engines on my YouTube channel, "Murat Karakaya Akademi." This topic is becoming increasingly important as more organizations integrate Large Language Models (LLMs) into their operations. If you're curious to learn more or see a demonstration, feel free to visit my channel (https://www.youtube.com/@MuratKarakayaAkademi).

🚀 What is an LLM Inference Engine?

An LLM inference engine is a powerful tool designed to make serving LLMs faster and more efficient. These engines are optimized to handle high throughput and low latency, ensuring that LLMs can respond quickly to a large number of requests. They come with advanced features like response streaming, dynamic request batching, and support for multi-node/multi-GPU serving, making them essential for production environments.

Why Use Them?

• 🎯 Simple Launching: Easily serve popular LLMs with a straightforward setup [1].
• 🛡️ Production Ready: Equipped with distributed tracing, Prometheus metrics, and Open Telemetry [2].
• ⚡ Performance Boost: Leverage Tensor Parallelism, optimized transformers code, and quantization techniques to accelerate inference on multiple GPUs [3].
• 🌐 Broad Support: Compatible with NVIDIA GPUs, AMD and Intel CPUs, TPUs, and more [1].

Examples include:

• vLLM: Known for its state-of-the-art serving throughput and efficient memory management [1].
• Ray Serve: Excellent for model composition and low-cost serving of multiple ML models [2].
• Hugging Face TGI: A toolkit for deploying and serving popular open-source LLMs [3].

#LLM #MachineLearning #AI #InferenceEngine #MuratKarakayaAkademi

References: [1] What is vLLM? https://github.com/vllm-project/vllm
[2] Ray Serve Overview https://docs.ray.io/en/latest/serve/index.html?_gl=1*14i4ooq*_gcl_au*MTE0Mjg5OTE0Ni4xNzI0NjY5MTkx

[3] Hugging Face Text Generation Inference https://huggingface.co/docs/text-generation-inference/en/index 

Part G: Text Classification with a Recurrent Layer

 

Part G: Text Classification with a Recurrent Layer

Author: Murat Karakaya
Date created….. 17 02 2023
Date published… 08 04 2023
Last modified…. 08 04 2023

Description: This is the Part G of the tutorial series “Multi-Topic Text Classification with Various Deep Learning Models” which covers all the phases of multi-class  text classification:

• Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA),
• Text preprocessing
• TF Data Pipeline
• Keras TextVectorization preprocessing layer
• Multi-class (multi-topic) text classification
• Deep Learning model design & end-to-end model implementation
• Performance evaluation & metrics
• Generating classification report
• Hyper-parameter tuning
• etc.

We will design various Deep Learning models by using

• Keras Embedding layer,
• Convolutional (Conv1D) layer,
• Recurrent (LSTM) layer,
• Transformer Encoder block, and
• Pre-trained transformer (BERT).

We will cover all the topics related to solving Multi-Class Text Classification problems with sample implementations in Python / TensorFlow / Keras environment.

We will use a Kaggle Dataset in which there are 32 topics and more than 400K total reviews.

If you would like to learn more about Deep Learning with practical coding examples,

• Please subscribe to the Murat Karakaya Akademi YouTube Channel or
• Follow my blog on muratkarakaya.net
• Do not forget to turn on notifications so that you will be notified when new parts are uploaded.

You can access all the codes, videos, and posts of this tutorial series from the links below.

Accessible on:

• YouTube in English
• YouTube in Turkish
• muratkarakaya.net
• Github pages
• Github Repo
• Google Colab

PARTS

In this tutorial series, there are several parts to cover Text Classification with various Deep Learning Models topics. You can access all the parts from this index page.

In this part, we will use the Keras Bidirectional LSTM layer in a Feed Forward Network (FFN).

If you are not familiar with the Keras LSTM layer or the Recurrent Networks concept, you can check in the following Murat Karakaya Akademi YouTube playlists:

English:

• All About LSTM

Turkish

• LSTM hakkında herşey!

If you are not familiar with the classification with Deep Learning topic, you can find the 5-part tutorials in the below Murat Karakaya Akademi YouTube playlists:

• How to solve Classification Problems in Deep Learning with Tensorflow & Keras
• Derin Öğrenmede Sınıflandırma Çeşitleri Nelerdir? Keras ve TensorFlow ile Nasıl Yapılmalı? (in Turkish)

Photo by Markus Spiske on Unsplash